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Infertility

A condition of the male or female reproductive system, infertility is characterized by the inability to conceive after 12 months or more of consistent, unprotected sexual activity. Male, female, or inexplicable variables can all contribute to infertility. The inability to conceive after a year of unprotected sexual activity, or six months for those over 35, is known as infertility. It can be caused by problems with one or both partners’ reproductive systems and affects millions of couples globally:

Primary Infertility: When a couple has never conceived.
Secondary Infertility: Difficulty conceiving after previously having a child.

Causes of Infertility

In Women
Ovulation Disorders: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormonal imbalances.
Fallopian Tube Damage: Caused by infections or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
Endometriosis: Growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus.
Uterine or Cervical Issues: Fibroids, polyps, or abnormal cervical mucus.
Age-Related Decline: Egg quality and quantity decrease with age.

In Men
Low Sperm Count
Poor Sperm Motility or Morphology: Sperm’s ability to move and its shape.
Hormonal Imbalances: Testosterone deficiency or other hormonal issues.
Obstructions: Blockages in the reproductive tract.
Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol, or exposure to toxins.

Risk Factors for Infertility

Age: Fertility declines with age, especially after 35 for women and 40 for men.
Lifestyle: Smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity affect fertility.
Medical Conditions: Chronic diseases like diabetes or thyroid disorders.
Stress: High stress levels can disrupt hormone production.

Diagnosis of Infertility

Initial Evaluation:
Medical history review and physical examination.
Discussion of menstrual cycles, sexual habits, and lifestyle.
Tests for Women:
Ovulation testing.
Pelvic ultrasound to check the uterus and ovaries.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) to assess fallopian tube health.
Tests for Men:
Semen analysis to check sperm count and quality.
Hormone testing (e.g., testosterone levels).

Frequently Asked Questions

Not always. Many cases of infertility can be treated with medical intervention.
Stress alone doesn’t cause infertility but can contribute to hormonal imbalances.
Yes! Healthy habits like regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding harmful substances can improve fertility.